1. The following principles characterize certain organizational structures:

Ⅰ . A superior can delegate the authority to make decisions but cannot delegate the ultimate responsibility for the results of those decisions.

Ⅱ . A supervisor ’ s span of control should not exceed seven subordinates.

Ⅲ . Responsibility should be accompanied by adequate authority.

Ⅳ . Employees at all levels should be empowered to make decisions.

A Ⅰ and Ⅲ .

b. Ⅰ and Ⅳ

c. Ⅱ and Ⅲ

d. Ⅲ and Ⅳ

A yes. Certain basic concepts of authority and responsibility apply in all organizations. Authority is the right to direct the actions of others. Responsibility is the duty to perform. Responsibility and commensurate authority can and should be delegated, but the person in the higher position nevertheless retains ultimate responsibility.

B no. employee empowerment is not a characteristic of a hierarchical organization.

C no. In accordance with the principles of contingency design, an open or organic organization adopts a span of control that reflects situational factors. Hence, a wide span of control may be indicated, for example, when subordinates perform similar duties in the same work area little direction is required.

D no. same as B.